CDO Square

From ThetaWiki

Jump to: navigation, search

A CDO Square (also CDO^2 or CDO2) is basically a CDO with a CDO portfolio as underlying. As in the CDO, the CDO Square divides the risk of the underlying instruments into specific tranches.

First, let's reconsider a CDO whose underlyings pay coupons. In ThetaScript, an array Coupon denotes the discounted process of coupon payments. The CDO has a maturity of T and the cash flows are discounted with the numeraire EUR. In order to price the CDO, two tranche levels (e.g. Tranche = [0.1, 0.3]) are required.

The result of the model CDO is the price P of the CDO tranche as well as a process C with the stochastic discounted payments of the CDO.

ThetaScript 

%% CDO model following the Vasicek Model
%% Price of tranche with Tranche[1] to Tranche[2] 
%% defaults
model CDO
    import T    	"maturity"
    import EUR		"numeraire"
    import Coupon 	"Payment of underlyings"
    import Tranche 	"Tranche level"
    export P    	"CDO value"
    export sum  	"Sum of discounted payments"
    export perc 	"Accumulated defaults"
    export C    	"Payment on CDO"
 
    P = E(V!)
 
    sum=0
    max_payments = sum(Coupon!,2)/EUR!;
 
    loop T*4
        % payment each quater year
        Theta 1/4
 
        % compute percentage of defaulted assets
        perc= 1 - sum(Coupon,2)/(max_payments*EUR)
 
        % compute payments for specific tranche
        C = (max(Tranche[2]-max(Tranche[1],perc),0));
        sum=sum + C;
    end
    V = sum    
end

This CDO is now called from the model CDO_square with 5 different parameter sets. 5 different CDO payment processes are created and saved into an array C of processes. These payment processes are again used in a CDO structure to price the CDO Square. 

%% CDO Square model calling CDO
%% Price of first 10% (equity) tranche
%% of a portfolio with mezzanine tranches
 
model CDO_square
    import T    "maturity"
    import EUR  "numeraire"
    import Coupon "Payment of underlyings"
    export P    "Price of CDO Square"
    export sum  "Sum"
    export C    "Payment on CDO"
 
    type Coupon float[20]
    type C float[5]
 
    P = E(V!)
 
    index_CDO = [1,2,3,4]
    index_CDO_square = 1
    loop 5
        call CDO
            export Coupon[index_CDO] to Coupon
            export T, EUR
            export [0.1, 0.3] to Tranche
            import C[index_CDO_square] from C
        index_CDO = index_CDO + 4
        index_CDO_square = index_CDO_square + 1
    end
 
    call CDO
        export C to Coupon
        export T, EUR
        export [0.0, 0.1] to Tranche
        import sum    	
        import V from P
 
end

An example using a stochastic process is shown in Theta.m 

function state = Theta(dt, state)
% A theta file which delivers a multi-dimensional payment process
% with asset prices S and payment Coupon. The individual underlyings
% are modeled with a correlation rho.
 
if nargin == 0
 
     state.S.comment    = 'Stock price';
     state.EUR.comment  = 'Numeraire';
     state.rho.comment  = 'Correlation';
     state.sigma.comment= 'Volatility';
     state.Coupon.comment='Coupon';
 
else
    % risk free interest rate
    r = 0.05;
    % Reduced coupon below Barrier1, default below Barrier2
    Barrier1 = 30;
    Barrier2 = 10;
    % initial Coupon
    Coupon_0 = 6;
    % risk-neutral drift
    mu = r;
 
    % correlation
    rho=mean(state.rho);
    sigma = ones(1,size(state.S,2))*mean(state.sigma);
 
    Z=zeros(length(sigma),length(sigma));
    for i=1:length(sigma)
        for k=1:length(sigma)
            if i==k
                Z(i,i)=sigma(i)^2;
            else
                Z(i,k)=rho^2*sigma(i)*sigma(k);
            end
        end
    end
 
    A=(chol(Z))';
    B=randn(size(state.S'));
    for i = 1:length(sigma)
       state.S(:,i)  = state.S(:,i) .* exp( (mu-0.5*sigma(i)^2)*dt + sqrt(dt)*(A(i,:)*B)');
    end
    state.EUR = state.EUR*exp(-r*dt);
 
    state.S(state.S<Barrier2) = 0;
    % compute coupon value risk-neutrally discounted
    state.Coupon = Coupon_0 * max(0,min(1,(state.S-Barrier2)/(Barrier1-Barrier2))) .* repmat(state.EUR,1,size(state.S,2));	
 end
 end
Retrieved from "http://wiki.thetaris.com/index.php/CDO_Square"